ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Finite Element Analysis of Fluid Flow through a Porous Scaffold in a Perfusion Bioreactor
The dynamic physical environment and geometric architecture required for tissue engineering can be achieved by combining tissue engineering scaffold and biological reactors. These bioreactors are used to perform mechanical stimulation on cells to create tissue. These cells are planted on the surface of the scaffold. In this system, the amount and distribution of mechanical stimulation applied to cells depend on the scaffold’s microstructure. The geometry of the designed scaffold depends on two independent parameters. By changing these independent parameters, three scaffolds with different porosity are created. A flow rate of 0.05 ml/min has been used to perfuse the bioreactor. Simulations performed under steady-state conditions using continuity and Navier-Stokes equations. Based on the results, there was an increase in flow within the scaffold with the lowest porosity up to 10 times. The maximum wall shear stress and flow velocity were observed in the scaffold with the lowest porosity. The maximum wall shear stress on the scaffold with the highest porosity was 4.95×10-7 kPa. According to the findings, in order to apply the appropriate shear stress on cells and maintain a uniform pressure gradient across the scaffold, porosity can be increased to some extent that does not damage the ideal surface area to volume ratio.
https://miscj.aut.ac.ir/article_3964_58693a00114137d62a4b8a6b62388bf3.pdf
2021-06-01
3
12
10.22060/miscj.2020.18442.5214
Tissue engineering
Scaffold
bioreactor
wall shear stress
Pressure drop
Milad
Mahdinezhad Asyabi
m-mahdinezhad@hotmail.com
1
Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Bahman
Vahidi
bahman.vahidi@ut.ac.ir
2
Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Martin, D. Wendt, M. Heberer, The role of bioreactors in tissue engineering, Trends Biotechnol, 22(2) (2004) 8086.
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Cheng, Z. Schwartz, A. Kahn, X. Li, Z. Shao, M. Sun, Y. Ao, B.D. Boyan, H. Chen, Advances in Porous Scaffold Design for Bone and Cartilage Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews, 25(1) (2018) 14-29.
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Yan, X. Chen, D.J. Bergstrom, Modeling of the Flow within Scaffolds in Perfusion Bioreactors, American Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 1 (2012) 72-77.
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Cioffi, J. Kuffer, S. Strobel, G. Dubini, I. Martin, D. Wendt, Computational evaluation of oxygen and shear stress distributions in 3D perfusion culture systems: macro-scale and micro-structured models, J Biomech, 41(14) (2008) 2918-2925.
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Ferroni, S. Giusti, D. Nascimento, A. Silva, F. Boschetti, A. Ahluwalia, Modeling the fluid-dynamics and oxygen consumption in a porous scaffold stimulated by cyclic squeeze pressure, Med Eng Phys, 38(8) (2016) 725-732.
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G. Li, X.Y. Tian, X.B. Chen, Modeling of Flow Rate, Pore Size, and Porosity for the Dispensing-Based Tissue Scaffolds Fabrication, Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, 131(3) (2009).
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K. Batchelor, An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000.
23
Sandino, J.A. Planell, D. Lacroix, A finite element study of mechanical stimuli in scaffolds for bone tissue engineering, Journal of Biomechanics, 41(5) (2008) 1005-1014.
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COMSOL Multiphysics®, v. 5.5.(comsol.com) COMSOL AB, Stockholm, Sweden.
26
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SCHRÖDER, A. HÖLZER, G. ZHU, M.WOICZINSKI, O.B. BETZ, H. GRAF, S. MAYERWAGNER, P.E. MÜLLER, A CLOSED LOOP PERFUSION BIOREACTOR FOR DYNAMIC HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE LOADING AND CARTILAGE TISSUE ENGINEERING, Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology, 16(03) (2016) 1650025.
31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Computational simulation of microneedle penetration in the skin for clinical usage in drug delivery and rejuvenation
Microneedles are a type of micron-sized needles that have been considered in recent years in various fields including drug release and rejuvenation. Simulation of penetration process of the microneedle into the skin is useful for examining the strength of the microneedle and its effect on the skin during penetration. In this study, penetration of the microneedles into the skin was simulated using finite element method. The skin is assumed to be in two layers and the Ogden model is applied to each of them. The path of microneedle penetration into the skin is predicted by cohesive elements. The results show that at a constant velocity of 0.36 mm/s in order for penetrating the epidermis only 0.5 s and penetrating the dermis only 2.5 s is needed. By decreasing the tip diameter of the microneedle, the reaction force applied to the microneedle decreased while the maximum stress in the skin also increased. As a result, it is recommended to use a conical model to design the microneedle. When the microneedle speed increases, the reaction force on the microneedle increases exponentially but these changes are more noticeable at high speeds. This simulation can be useful for medical biopsy sampling, drug release systems as well as stress assessment in rejuvenation.
https://miscj.aut.ac.ir/article_4293_9a0615ed693179283da90d0db413eb09.pdf
2021-06-01
13
22
10.22060/miscj.2021.18471.5215
Microneedle
Skin
Computational Simulation, Finite Element Method, Cohesive element
Yasaman
Amiri
yasamanamirii1991@gmail.com
1
Division of Biomedical Engineering, Departement of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Bahman
Vahidi
bahman.vahidi@ut.ac.ir
2
Division of Biomedical Engineering, Departement of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
-C. Kim, J.-H. Park, and M. R. Prausnitz, “Microneedles for drug and vaccine delivery,” Advanced drug delivery reviews, vol. 64, no. 14, pp. 1547-1568, 2012.
1
C. Son, J. H. Rho, K. Y. Chang, D. H. Suh, J. H. Rhue, and K. Y. Song, “Treatment of Various Types of Scar with Multihole Meth od-combination of Fraxel and Microneedle,”프로그램북 (구 초록집), vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 143-143, 2006.
2
Y.Hao, W. Li, X. Zhou, F. Yang, and Z. Qian, “Microneedles-based transdermal drug delivery systems: a review,” Journal of biomedical nanotechnology, vol. 13, no. 12, pp. 1581-1597, 2017.
3
Z. Loizidou, N. T. Inoue, J. Ashton-Barnett, D. A. Barrow, and C. J. Allender, “Evaluation of geometrical effects of microneedles on skin penetration by CT scan and finite element analysis,” European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, vol. 107, pp. 1-6, 2016.
4
A. Kendall, Y.-F. Chong, and A. Cock, “The mechanical properties of the skin epidermis in relation to targeted gene and drug delivery,” Biomaterials, vol. 28, no. 33, pp. 4968-4977, 2007.
5
C. Birchall, “Microneedle array technology: the time is right but is the science ready?,” Expert review of medical devices, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1-4, 2006.
6
C. Kim, J. H. Park, and M. R. Prausnitz, “Microneedles for drug and vaccine delivery,” (in eng), Adv Drug Deliv Rev, vol. 64, no. 14, pp. 1547-68, Nov 2012.
7
P. Davis, B. J. Landis, Z. H. Adams, M. G. Allen, and M. R. Prausnitz, “Insertion of microneedles into skin: measurement and prediction of insertion force and needle fracture force,” Journal of biomechanics, vol. 37, no. 8, pp. 1155-1163, 2004.
8
Z. Loizidou et al., “Structural characterisation and transdermal delivery studies on sugar microneedles: Experimental and finite element modelling analyses,” European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, vol. 89, pp. 224-231, 2015.
9
Kong and C. Wu, “Measurement and prediction of insertion force for the mosquito fascicle penetrating into human skin,” Journal of Bionic Engineering, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 143-152, 2009.
10
Kong, P. Zhou, and C. Wu, “Numerical simulation of microneedles’ insertion into skin,” Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering, vol. 14, no. 9, pp. 827-835, 2011.
11
Chen, N. Li, and J. Chen, “Development and experimental verification of a nonlinear hyperelastic model for microneedle-skin interactions,” in 2012 IEEE 6th International Conference on Nano/Molecular Medicine and Engineering (NANOMED), 2012, pp. 6165: IEEE.
12
Ling et al., “Effect of honeybee stinger and its microstructured barbs on insertion and pull force,” Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials, vol. 68, pp. 173-179, 2017.
13
Nan, L. Xie, and W. Zhao, “On the application of 3D finite element modeling for small-diameter hole drilling of AISI 1045 steel,” The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 84, no. 9-12, pp. 1927-1939, 2016.
14
L. Crichton et al., “Characterising the material properties at the interface between skin and a skin vaccination microprojection device,” Acta biomaterialia, vol. 36, pp. 186-194, 2016.
15
C. Meliga, J. W. Coffey, M. L. Crichton, C. Flaim, M. Veidt, and M. A. Kendall, “The hyperelastic and failure behaviors of skin in relation to the dynamic application of microscopic penetrators in a murine model,” Acta biomaterialia, vol. 48, pp. 341-356, 2017.
16
Oldfield, D. Dini, G. Giordano, and F. Rodriguez y Baena, “Detailed finite element modelling of deep needle insertions into a soft tissue phantom using a cohesive approach,” Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 530-543, 2013.
17
-L. Lin and G.-J. Lan, “A computational approach to investigate optimal cutting speed configurations in rotational needle biopsy cutting soft tissue,” Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 84-93, 2019.
18
B. Groves, S. Coulman, J. C. Birchall, and S. L. Evans, “Quantifying the mechanical properties of human skin to optimise future microneedle device design,” Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 73-82, 2012.
19
W. Ogden, “Large deformation isotropic elasticity–on the correlation of theory and experiment for incompressible rubberlike solids,” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences, vol. 326, no. 1567, pp. 565-584, 1972.
20
L. Benzeggagh and M. Kenane, “Measurement of mixed-mode delamination fracture toughness of unidirectional glass/epoxy composites with mixed-mode bending apparatus,” Composites science and technology, to skin induces circulating protein extravasation for vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 439-449, 1996.
21
[22] J. W. Coffey, S. C. Meliga, S. R. Corrie, and M. A. Kendall, “Dynamic application of microprojection arrays to skin induces circulating protein extravasation for enhanced biomarker capture and detection,” Biomaterials, vol. 84, pp. 130-143, 2016.
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A comparative study between CFD and FSI hemodynamic parameters in a patientspecific giant saccular cerebral aneurysm
Nowadays, biomechanical methods are useful to identify the cause and treating of diseases. One of these diseases is the cerebral aneurysm. This disease starts by the inflation of artery wall and then by rupturing, it leads to intracranial hemorrhage. Therefore, it leads to morbidity or even it is the cause of the mortality for many patients. For this reasons, it is important to anticipate the emersion, growth and the rupture of a cerebral aneurysm. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and 2-way fluid-structure interaction (FSI) are common methods for interrogation the rupture of aneurysms and evaluating the effective hemodynamic parameters. In this study, they were employed to obtain appropriate information of a cerebral aneurysm. A patient-specific giant aneurysm was chosen in the internal carotid artery (ICA). Mooney-Rivlin parameters were used for the solid part and a non-Newtonian Carreu model was employed in the fluid part. Important hemodynamic parameters such as wall shear stress (WSS), time average wall shear stress (TAWSS), spatial average wall shear stress (SAWSS), oscillatory shear index (OSI), and relative residence time (RRT) were discussed. In addition, these methods were then compared and the number of cycles assessed to determine the accuracy of the solutions. Both methods illustrate a similar location for the risk of a rupture related to these hemodynamic parameters but with different quantities. The novelty of this works lies at the feasibility of using the FSI and CFD methods to show the cost function in the future clinical decision-making.
https://miscj.aut.ac.ir/article_4089_e6303905fe29e9cae37ed3acd2640f6f.pdf
2021-06-01
23
38
10.22060/miscj.2020.18742.5222
way fluid structure interactions (FSI)
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
Hemodynamic parameters
Wall shear stress (WSS)
Relative residence time (RRT)
Reza
Abdollahi
reza.abdollahi@umontreal.ca
1
Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l’Universite ’de Montr ́eal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada; Institut de genie biomedical , Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Canada
AUTHOR
Bahman
Vahidi
bahman.vahidi@ut.ac.ir
2
Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Pejman
Shojaee
pejmanshojam31@gmail.com
3
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Biomechanics, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Karimi
karimi124@yahoo.com
4
Chief of Services Stroke Neurology and Interventional Neuroradiology, Milad Hospital, Tehran,Iran; Head of Neuro-intervention, Nikan Hospital, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
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the clinician’s perspective, 18(10) (2011) 1285-1288.
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44
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Design and Modeling of an In-pipe Inspection Robot with Repairing Capability Equipped with a Manipulator
In this paper, an in-pipe inspection robot is designed and modeled with a manipulator to provide the manipulation ability. However, most of such robots are limited to perform inspecting operations. In order to design an in-pipe inspection robot capable of performing an operational task within the pipes, the robot is redesigned by adding a two-linkage serial manipulator with two extra DOFs on the main body of the moving robot. In this way, the robot will be a system with three degrees of freedom. The robot’s kinematic and dynamic models are obtained using Denavit-Hartenberg convention and Euler-Lagrange relations, respectively. Also, the system is controlled using inverse dynamics. Formulas verification, as well as analysis of its results, has been done by MATLAB software. The correctness of the model and the efficiency of the proposed manipulation are investigated by comparing the actual and desired paths. The proposed mechanism is efficient regarding ease and cost reduction. It
https://miscj.aut.ac.ir/article_4363_60fbe03657af450a6ba8e7b3ca6ead1e.pdf
2021-06-01
39
48
10.22060/miscj.2021.19033.5229
In-Pipe Inspection Robot
Repairing Robot
Kinematic And Dynamic Modelling
Manipulator
hami
Tourajizadeh
tourajizadeh@khu.ac.ir
1
Mechanical engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
samira
afshari
s.afshari90@yahoo.com
2
Mechanical engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
meisam
azimi
hami1363@yahoo.com
3
Mechanical engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Roslin, N.S. et al., 2012, A review: Hybrid locomotion of in-pipe inspection robot, Procedia Engineering 41: p. 1456-1462.
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11
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Flight Mechanics and Control of Tilt Rotor/Tilt Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: A Review
A literature review of the Tilt Rotor/Tilt Wing (TR/TW) Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is presented in this paper from the flight mechanics and control points of view. Firstly, the advantages as well as the challenges of the TR/TW UAVs are studied, from the design, aerodynamic, flight dynamic and control viewpoints. Next, a chronicle of the most important researches conducted about the TR/TW UAVs is reported. Then, these TR/TW UAVs are categorized based on the overall configurations, rotor arrangements, engine/rotor positions, and engine/rotor types. Next, a comprehensive flight dynamic modeling of the TR/TW aircraft is introduced that may provide a complete and consistent set of the dynamic equations for any type of the TR/TW regardless of the configurations and rotor arrangements. Afterwards, a survey is carried out about the trim and stability of the TR/TW within the hover and transition phases of flight. Finally, different control methods and control strategies utilized for the attitude and altitude control of the TR/TW UAVs are categorized based on their pros and cons. Since this paper covers the flight mechanics and control of the TR/TW UAVs, it may assist designers in making decisions about the most critical aspects of a new design based on the previous studies.
https://miscj.aut.ac.ir/article_4350_46d3ea0524fae9c82a44c70fed93914a.pdf
2021-06-01
49
66
10.22060/miscj.2021.19117.5231
Tilt Rotor
Tilt Wing
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Flight mechanics
Control
Seyed Amin
Bagherzadeh
sabagherzadeh@gmail.com
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Farzad
Jokar
farzadjokar72@gmail.com
2
Master of Science, Department of Aerospace Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Hamed
Mohammadkarimi
h.mohammadkarimi@aut.ac.ir
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Graph Embedding-based Smart Vaccination Using Mobile Data
A novel smart vaccination method is proposed in this paper to distribute a limited number of vaccines among the people of a large community, such as a country, consisting of smaller communities like cities or provinces. The proposed method is comprised of two phases; A vaccine allocation phase and a targeted vaccination phase. In the first phase, the available vaccines are allocated to the communities based on demographics and the effectiveness of each type of vaccine. In the second phase, each community is modelled as a contact graph, and the vaccines available to the community are administered to the individuals whose vaccination has the greatest impact on breaking the chain of transmission. As a result of utilizing the Node2Vec graph embedding algorithm, the complexity of the proposed method increases linearly with the number of people in the community, as opposed to common centrality based methods, the complexities of which increase with the square or cube of the number of individuals. Furthermore, the proposed method can distribute multiple types of vaccines with different probabilities of effectiveness. The performance of the proposed method is comparable to the common centrality based vaccination methods, while its complexity is lower. The results of the simulation show a 20% decrease in the peak number of infected individuals.
https://miscj.aut.ac.ir/article_4463_a90cb1e70621574dc499f09f99da0a04.pdf
2021-06-01
67
78
10.22060/miscj.2021.20177.5251
Smart Vaccination
Vaccine allocation
Targeted Vaccination
Node2Vec
SIR Model
Saeed
Jamshidiha
s_jamshidiha@aut.ac.ir
1
Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
MohammadMohsen
Jadidi
mohsenjadidi@aut.ac.ir
2
Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Iman
Masroori
iman.masruri@aut.ac.ir
3
Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Pegah
Moslemi
p.moslemi@aut.ac.ir
4
Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Abbas
Mohammadi
abm125@aut.ac.ir
5
Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Vahid
Pourahamdi
v.pourahmadi@aut.ac.ir
6
Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
World health organization website. (2020, October 5, 2020). Available: https://www.who.int
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