Near-Optimal Controls of a Fuel Cell Coupled with Reformer using Singular Perturbation methods

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

A singularly perturbed model is proposed for a system comprised of a PEM Fuel Cell
(PEM-FC) with Natural Gas Hydrogen Reformer (NG-HR). This eighteenth order system is decomposed
into slow and fast lower order subsystems using singular perturbation techniques that provides tools for
separation and order reduction. Then, three different types of controllers, namely an optimal full-order,
a near-optimal composite controller based on the slow and the fast subsystems, and a near-optimal
reduced-order controller based on the reduced-order model, are designed. The comparison of closedloop
responses of these three controllers shows that there are minimal degradations in the performance
of the composite and the reduced order controllers.

Highlights

[1] J.T. Pukrushpan, Modeling and control of fuel cell systems and fuel processors, University of Michigan Ann Ar bor, Michigan, USA, 2003.

[2] J.T. Pukrushpan, A.G. Stefanopoulou, H. Peng, Control of fuel cell breathing, IEEE Control Systems, 24(2) (2004) 30-46.

 [3] Pukrushpan, J., Stefanopoulou, A., and Peng, H., Control of fuel cell breathing: Initial Results on the oxygen starvation problem, Ann Arbor, National Science Foundation & Automotive Research Center of University of Michigan.

[4] J.T. Pukrushpan, A.G. Stefanopoulou, H. Peng, Control of fuel cell power systems: principles, modeling, analysis and feedback design, Springer Science & Business Media, 2004.

[5] V. Tsourapas, A.G. Stefanopoulou, J. Sun, Model-based control of an integrated fuel cell and fuel processor with exhaust heat recirculation, IEEE Transactions on control systems technology, 15(2) (2007) 233-245.

[6] K. Kodra, Z. Gajic, Order reduction via balancing and suboptimal control of a fuel cell–reformer system, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 39(5) (2014) 2215-2223.

[7] J. OReilly, P. Kokotovic, H. Khalil, Singular Perturbation Methods in Control: Analysis and Design, in, Academic Press New York, 1986.

[8] M. Skataric, Z. Gajic, Slow and fast dynamics of a natural gas hydrogen reformer, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 38(35) (2013) 15173-15179.

[9] D.S. Naidu, Singular perturbation methodology in control systems, IET, 1988.

[10] A. Rao, S. Lamba, S. Rao, Comments on" A note on selecting a low-order system by Davison's model simplification technique, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 24(1) (1979) 141-142.

[11] K.B. Datta, Matrix and linear algebra, Prentice-Hall of India New Delhi, India, 1991.

[12] B. Noble, J.W. Daniel, Applied linear algebra, Prentice-Hall New Jersey, 1988.

[13] A.J. Fossard, M. Berthelot, J. Magni, On coherency-based decomposition algorithms, Automatica, 19(3) (1983) 247-253.

Keywords


[1] J.T. Pukrushpan, Modeling and control of fuel cell systems and fuel processors, University of Michigan Ann Ar bor, Michigan, USA, 2003.
[2] J.T. Pukrushpan, A.G. Stefanopoulou, H. Peng, Control of fuel cell breathing, IEEE Control Systems, 24(2) (2004) 30-46.
 [3] Pukrushpan, J., Stefanopoulou, A., and Peng, H., Control of fuel cell breathing: Initial Results on the oxygen starvation problem, Ann Arbor, National Science Foundation & Automotive Research Center of University of Michigan.
[4] J.T. Pukrushpan, A.G. Stefanopoulou, H. Peng, Control of fuel cell power systems: principles, modeling, analysis and feedback design, Springer Science & Business Media, 2004.
[5] V. Tsourapas, A.G. Stefanopoulou, J. Sun, Model-based control of an integrated fuel cell and fuel processor with exhaust heat recirculation, IEEE Transactions on control systems technology, 15(2) (2007) 233-245.
[6] K. Kodra, Z. Gajic, Order reduction via balancing and suboptimal control of a fuel cell–reformer system, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 39(5) (2014) 2215-2223.
[7] J. OReilly, P. Kokotovic, H. Khalil, Singular Perturbation Methods in Control: Analysis and Design, in, Academic Press New York, 1986.
[8] M. Skataric, Z. Gajic, Slow and fast dynamics of a natural gas hydrogen reformer, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 38(35) (2013) 15173-15179.
[9] D.S. Naidu, Singular perturbation methodology in control systems, IET, 1988.
[10] A. Rao, S. Lamba, S. Rao, Comments on" A note on selecting a low-order system by Davison's model simplification technique, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 24(1) (1979) 141-142.
[11] K.B. Datta, Matrix and linear algebra, Prentice-Hall of India New Delhi, India, 1991.
[12] B. Noble, J.W. Daniel, Applied linear algebra, Prentice-Hall New Jersey, 1988.
[13] A.J. Fossard, M. Berthelot, J. Magni, On coherency-based decomposition algorithms, Automatica, 19(3) (1983) 247-253.